How Can We Obtain Happiness - 896 Words

When it comes to Aristotle and his idea of happiness for society, he always thought that happiness was the ultimate goal. In other words, happiness for the man is a self-sufficient goal, it required nothing else. Sure, true happiness can be attained within a society that has common goals and agreed upon virtues because everyone will be an equal, have the same level of education and have justice. However, there are shortcomings and dangers in a society like that, such as human greedy nature, communism could potentially occur, and humans could change the way they potentially feel about their goals and virtues. Finally, there will be difficulties with a society focused exclusively on the individual like the act of selfishness, arrogance and neglect to those surrounding us. Aristotle believed that achieving happiness lead to a perfect human life. But, the question is how can we obtain that happiness? Of course, by agreeing with common goals and virtues. By having the same common goals and virtues in a society would mean that everyone has to be an equal. When referring to equality in this context, I simply mean society; everyone has to be equal in health, wealth, and friends. If everyone agreed with the same goals and virtue, it would mean that everyone has to have the same expenses to support itself and family. As well, health, if one is healthy, it’s only fair that everyone else has to be healthy. Just like, if an individual dies of a disease, unfortunately another one has toShow MoreRelatedAristotle s Views On Happiness And Moral Virtue Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesTiverio Madrigal Landa Philosophy 002 October 13, 2016 Happiness and Moral Virtue Every few decades, an individual revolutionizes the way that we think and perceive the world. During the year 300 B.C., the foundation of philosophy was started by Aristotle and his learning from Plato and Socrates. A few centuries later, Thomas Hobbes beliefs challenged Aristotle s views. At the time, it was not known that their ideas would revolutionize the way we see the world around us today. Even though they bothRead MoreAquinas View On Happiness1271 Words   |  6 PagesAquinas makes numerous claims regarding happiness. Specifically, Aquinas uses the term â€Å"happiness† in a sense of objective fulfillment, rather than subjective well-being. He asserts that human happiness does not consist in acquiring things such as money, honor, fame, power, goods of the body, or pleasure. He also claims that complete, i.e. perfect, happiness can only be achieved by contemplating God in the afterlife. I will discuss arguments for, arguments against, and my opinion for both claimsRea d MoreA Society Of Constant Consumption Of Materialistic Objects1617 Words   |  7 Pagesdecades ago. With the advancement of technology, conveniences like these have been made possible through being able to just charge everything—this has become a national addiction. There is still a magnitude of people who would say money couldn’t buy happiness but the truth is a lot more in depth than that; money does in fact play an essential role in everyone’s overall life gratification. Even though there is that urge and desire for materialistic goods, people are still sometimes caught in the dilemmaRead MoreAristotle Was An Ancient Greek Philosopher Who Was Gifted1588 Words   |  7 Pagesthe way we think today and make us think of our telos as human beings. Aristotle’s views on how to obtain true happiness is through virtue, he claims every living thing aims at good. The problem with this is that we as human beings accept the good life of another but not of a human being. The practice of philosophy that sets us apart from other animals is that we question our existence and the way we live. We tend to think and reflect on what the reason we are here for. In addition, we have theRead MoreThe Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas By Ursula Leguin1693 Words   |  7 Pagesto express how the society in Omelas is able to ensure happiness and perfect lives while one child suffers. This is the price that they pay, seemingly unknowingly unless they are a certain age, to have a utopian society. When someone finds out about why they live in such bliss, they are left with a choice; stay in Omelas knowing that the child must suffer for their, and everyone’s, happiness, or, to leave Omelas unknowing of what their life might entail. Today, society shows ways that we truly fulfillRead MoreHannah Arendt And Hannah Arendts View Of Human Happiness1193 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencing as many unique opportunities as they can. Although goals may vary from person to person, most people hope that by reaching their goals, they will obtain happiness and ultimately live a happy life. However, what constitutes as happiness will vary depending on who you ask. Likewise, depending on the person, their belief about how to attain happiness will also vary. This discrepancy about the meaning of happiness and the method of attaining happiness isn’t just present among common people—philosophersRead MoreAmerican Dream : The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fit zgerald1280 Words   |  6 PagesJamie Moran English 096 Professor Ludwig 10 November 2014 American Dream The ideal American Dream is that every citizen in the U.S. may have a promising future, happiness, a family, and health. Some reach the American Dream, and some settle for less. People who do not obtain any type of American Dream cannot truly be happy because their life is not truly fulfilled, which does not satisfy their ambition. Jay Gatsby, a young man who over came poverty, and achieved the ideal American Dream but fellRead MoreInternational Differences Of Well Being1005 Words   |  5 Pagescenters on whether happiness is similar for all humans or rather something that varies across cultures (328). This question interests me, because it is a question that I think is very important. We all have a wide range of different priorities and values. First, he chooses to define happiness: I use the word ‘happiness for a subjective state of mind, which I define as the overall appreciation of one s life-as-a-whole. Happiness is the ‘sum of pleasures and pains . Happiness in t his sense is synonymousRead MoreKant And Aristotle s Views On Ethics And Morals1480 Words   |  6 Pagesof Morals Kant disproves Aristotle’s view. In order to prove that Kant successfully disproves Aristotle’s theory, we must first understand both theories. After a successful understanding has been acquired only then can we prove that Kant’s completely disproves Aristotle’s theory. In the Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals Kant explains that there are many goods including happiness, food and desires, but there is only one highest good. This highest good is a good without qualification. The implicationRead MoreCompare and Contrast Happines in Candide, Rasselas, Essay on Man1496 Words   |  6 PagesHappiness Throughout history humankind has been trying to define happiness. What is it exactly and how do we obtain it? We always think that happiness is a place to be or a destination and technically, that is the main premise or goal of our lives; to obtain happiness. So our whole lives go by from the minute were born to the last breath we take in a quest to work hard in order to reach that destination. Naturally, many philosophical writers have jumped on the bandwagon and put in their two cents

College Essay - 1610 Words

A Chronicle of Higher Education article states that only 34 percent of high-achieving high-school seniors in the bottom quarter of family income went to one of the 238 most selective colleges, compared with 78 percent of students from the top quarter (Markell). Certainly, these numbers show that students that come from low income families aren’t getting the opportunities that they deserve. With college costs going nowhere but up, students from low-income families face tough decisions. Some students choose to attend community college while some make the decision to take out additional loans. There are also those who choose to drop out because they can no longer sustain the cost of college. Those who don’t have the money to go to a†¦show more content†¦According to Public Agenda, a nonpartisan public policy research firm that conducted a telephone survey of more than 600 people ages 22 to 30 for the report, â€Å"Of students surveyed, 58 percent said they did no t receive any financial help from their parents or relatives to pay tuition or fees, and 69 percent had no scholarships or financial aid† (Johnson). More than half of students are not being supported by their families or anyone else for that matter. Also, more than one-half of students are not receiving any type of scholarship or financial aid. The dropouts’ most popular solutions were allowing part-time students to qualify for financial aid, offering more courses on weekends and evenings, cutting costs and providing child care (Johnson). Most times, it’s just not attainable for a college student to afford college costs. Moreover, students who don’t have financial help from family or are not fortunate enough to get scholarships or grants are often forced work to pay for school. The New York Times states, â€Å"The top reason the dropouts gave for leaving college was that it was just too hard to support themselves and go to school at the same time. Balancing work and school was a bigger barrier than finding money for tuition, they said. In fact, more than a third of the dropouts said that even if they got a grant that covered their books and tuition, it would be hard to go back toShow MoreRelatedCollege Is Not For College1072 Words   |  5 Pageseither go to college or begin working as just a highschool graduate. Going to college is a necessity. College takes four years and maybe another four years of studying. They is very little in comparison to an average 80 year lifetime. That’s not much time at all! College costs $20,000 - $30,000, college is like putting an investment into yours elf and in hope that you’ll prosper and get a deserving career. Many jobs require special skills and that’s where college degrees come in. College brings manyRead MoreCollege Is Not For College1486 Words   |  6 PagesMany students do not go to college because of the steep cost to attend. There a lot of students and families that support this claim, with some experts adding that other socio-economic factors also contribute to this issue. Additionally, there are many that think that not everyone needs to go to college. Either way, some students still struggle to pay for their college education. Early exposure to college provides a practical solution to this problem. While ninth grade is typically viewed as a goodRead MoreCollege Is Not For College986 Words   |  4 PagesEverybody knows that after high school you attend college, right? College is expected from society that has been placed for decades; it’s what you do is what society expects with these expecta tions comes pressure. Pressure from peers, choosing the right college, group mind, and deciding whether or not if you would like to attend college. College is not for everyone, so when a student is pressured to attend college, they often drop out before the first semester ends. The pressure doesn’t end withRead MoreCollege Essay : College And College1113 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Highschool Vs. College In the time that I have been in college, I have seen that more freedom is allowed to students in college than highschool. Of cousre, college is a lot better than high school, but with that it comes more responsibility. College let s the students choose their choices, such as their schedule, attendence and class selection. College there is less restricted than highschool. In highschool, the dresscode is very important, much more than college. College students can wear whateverRead MoreWhy College Is Not For College1287 Words   |  6 Pages==========Despite the benefits and securities, there are a number of reasons why college is not meant for everyone. The person may not perform well or even learn anything from college. A person can be successful with or without a college degree. College is known by many as a â€Å"rite of passage† (Addison 256). The misconception is that people believe that you have to receive a four year education in order to be successful in life. A colle ge education is like a key that opens the doors to more opportunities inRead MoreIs College Worth A College?1254 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the USA college tuition has increased drastically; in the last five years Georgia colleges have had 75% increase along with other states such as Arizona whose tuition has increased by 77% (NPR). Since 2006 the tuition in Utah has increased by 62.8% and is rising throughout the U.S. (Desert News). Between 1885-2016 the price of college has increased between 2.1% to 4.3% per year beyond inflation (CollegeBoard). Through calculations, that equates to about a hundred precent increase sinceRead MoreCollege Of The Ozarks : College992 Words   |  4 PagesCollege of the Ozarks In 1907, a small college called the School of the Ozarks opened and later during the 1950s, it acquired over 1,400 acres to expand the facility. The Wall Street Journal labeled the School of the Ozarks as Hard Work U during the 1970’s because there was no tuition, just a work job program. Since 1990, when it was renamed the College of the Ozarks, this school has gone on to offer one of the most innovative tuition programs for local college bound students. The College of theRead MoreCollege Is The Best For College Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesready to graduate have two choices, either start working or go to college. Many of those students who want to go to college have to choose what college they want to go to. Deciding which college to go to can be a hard choice, since going to college is a big decision to make. Students know that going to college is going to be harder than high school. The atmosphere is different, and many students are on their own after they make that col lege choice. Being hundreds of miles away from home can put stressRead MoreThe College Debate On College1238 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great College Debate The college debate is a hot topic and whether or not to attend college is a question that is increasingly harder to answer. At some point in every young adult’s life, and sometimes not so young, they must make the decision about whether or not to pursue a college education. For some, going to college is something they always knew they would do; while others agonize over the importance of a college education and the burden of taking on a large amount of debt to pay for itRead MoreShould College Be For College?929 Words   |  4 PagesEven with the negative connotations getting a degree is worth it In today s generation a college education seems more like a choice than a requirement. From the time we enter elementary school we are being prepared for college. In this society Education happens to raise a lot of questions, for instances; â€Å"are people going to college to gain knowledge or for a good paying job?†, â€Å"with today s technology is a degree essential to ones life?† and â€Å" is school meant for everyone?† Education has a lot

Christian Church In M.A. Essay Example For Students

Christian Church In M.A. Essay The Christian Church in the Middle Ages played a significant role in society. Unfortunately though, the church is often regarded as the capital of corruption, evil, and worldliness. Today, so many people depict the medieval church as being led by materialistic popes, devouring tithes from poverty-stricken peasants, having various illegitimate children, and granting indulgences for money from wayward believers. Yes, circumstances like this may have been the case, and is often hard to disapprove, considering the fact that this notion is often advocated in movies. But we must open our mind, and look at the situations first before jumping to conclusions. As many things define the distinct characteristics of history, the Christian church has made a remarkable milestone especially during the Middle Ages. Christianitys emergence as an official religion influenced not only the church, it enabled people to look beyond the obsession of power and worldly pleasures, but to a final and ultimate r eward for a life well spent. Everybody put their faith in the hope and love of the Christian God. It gave the people goals and led them to the right path, yet why is it looked down upon so harshly? Maybe it was because of the wealth it exemplified, or the deterioration of morality in the popes. One can heedlessly conclude that the Medieval church was corrupt and unholy, but that would not justify its existence. Accordingly, the church was just trying to adjust itself to an age of chaos and uncertainty. The idea that the medieval church was immoral can be rooted on a few methodological errors. The arbitrary use of historical evidence and the ignorance of the circumstances are a couple to name. Maybe putting together one thousand years of the history of the church with a disregard to any historical development may represent the medieval church as a corrupt institution, but still it is not necessary to go as far as to say that the church was corrupt. It is also worth noting that not al l contemporaries who were interested in the reformation, such as Erasmus, joined Luther in his famous feat, the Reformation. With this in mind, Luther and other reformers are usually credited with bringing the church back to the New Testament ideal, which is not necessarily the case. Luther and his contemporaries definitely did not introduce the concept of ?reform?. Actually, during this time of the wealth and luxury of monastic orders, reform was a recurring theme. But considering the way various popes around Europe tried to bring the church back to its wholesome state, is good to note that most monastic treatises arguing the moral decline of the church do their best to make the church appear as black and unholy as possible. They depict every little thing that is in the least tainted with anything immoral ten times as worse as it really was, alleging that it was excessive with luxury, worldliness, and corruption. Another element that contributes to the misleading idea that the church was corrupt were the clerical abuses taken place during the later Middle Ages. Many people picture the church being run in an authoritarian and totalitarian way by misguided popes, hungry for money and power. This was not always true but trying not to contradict that fact that there were cases of clerical abuses during the medieval times would be a lie, which were accurately addressed by Protestant reformers. The major problem relating to the maltreatment of power between the popes was commonly known as the traffic in indulgences, which certainly was a commercial exploitation. Essentially, it meant to basically pay off for forgiveness whatever you are going to do or did wrong. With this money was the church able to build various art forms that made it clearly visible of the popes abuse because of its elaborate existence. An example of this would be in the Vatican, which we can still see today. .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691 , .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691 .postImageUrl , .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691 , .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691:hover , .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691:visited , .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691:active { border:0!important; } .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691:active , .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691 .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3ae94197e58c435de4b80baa0d18b691:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Middle Ages Essay ThesisWith this, the sales of indulgences brought forth a major factor concerning the corruption of the church. The granting of indulgences was accepted from the Crusades and grew more popular during the later Middle Ages. This practice of Tetzel, Luthers adversary went way beyond the doctrinal limits the church set long ago, though it was readily encouraged by the financial policies of popes such as Julius II and Leo X, who were only looking for a way to get some extra money. Aware that this was unacceptable and corrupt, Pius V prohibited the commercial trafficking in indulgences in mid 1500s. Also, sexuality among the popes was unbelievable. ?Priest s by the thousands found it impossible to live in celiabacy.?1 The result of all this was a misuse of church funds and an increasing decline in the morality of the clergy. A major theme that is often used to show how corrupt the medieval church was is the Western Schism that lasted from 1378 to 1417. Although this was a brief period in the long span of medieval history, and it was also the first time that two popes (sometimes even more) ruled over the churches all over the Western world. The Western Schism definitely hurt the churches monarchy that has been around since the early thirteen hundreds. In this time, the cardinals were divided between the Italian and French. While the French cardinals were still at Avignon, the Italians elected their own pope out of impulse, known as the Italian Urban VI. With this new pope, corruption became overbearingly existent. The Italian Urban VI was not exactly a discreet person, he was harsh, extravagant, and overbearing, known for usually insulting and threatening the French cardinals. The Italians were horrified at his irregular behavior and soon withdrew their obedience. The French proclaimed that the Italian el ection was not valid and selected a new pope, Clement VII. Clement VII was an ethical person and knew what was needed of him, a stable and moral pope. He resided in Avignon with the other cardinals and won the adherence of the French king. The only good thing that came out of this ordeal was the growth of a ?papal council?, where not only the pope, but all the bishops are able to discuss issues and make decisions together. Apart from the Protestant reformers, there were other historical facts of the late medieval church that contributed to the tenacious myth of corruption. During the time that the papacy remained in Avignon is often used as an example of the deterioration of the church. After all, hardly any of the popes lived in Rome, which was and is considered the inalienable habitat of Saint Peter. Going back to Avignon, the popes who lived there were usually subject to nepotism and were in constant fights between the Italian cardinals. Of course, these are the downsides to the papacy in Avignon. Many of the popes were dedicated to make the church a more holier and reformed place, abolishing the clerical abuses. For example, what John XXII started off, the reformation of the administration and sanitization was soon taken over by Benedict XI. He strongly dedicated himself to end nepotism, unethical conduct, and immorality among the papacy. He greatly reduced the papal bureaucracy and free distribution of benefices, ensuring that the benefices were given only to a commendable clergy. However, one of the undesired effects of Benedict XIs reform was the expanding concentration and bureaucratization of the church. In church history, the period from five hundred to fifteen hundred AD was defiantly not a thousand years of uncertainty. During this time, Christianity fixed itself rigidly in Western Europe, and it had much energy and refinement, being somewhat a successful political experiment. It was the diversity of the church itself that called for a reformation, not because of the corrupt leaders. Studying Christianity in the Middle Ages, one is bound to find the various forms of the religious orders, depending on the social class, various monastic orders, between monks and beggars, etc. .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201 , .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201 .postImageUrl , .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201 , .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201:hover , .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201:visited , .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201:active { border:0!important; } .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201:active , .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201 .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u487b5362be10595e613947a19f370201:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hotel Occupancy Rates EssayFinally the question once again arises. How immoral or corrupt was the church? Sure, there were various imperfections about the church, but considering the spirit and diversity that the church distinguished, there is no justice to go as far as to say that the church was corrupt in the Middle Ages. It is simple to call the imperfections that happened in the Middle Ages characteristic of the medieval church, but depicting its reforms as surpassing in its own time would only contradict that statement. The church in the Middle ages does not mean that what happened then does not happen now, if anything, today we still can witness pastors, clergymen, t elevangelists, all abusing their power of religion just to get money as Julius II and Leo X did centuries ago. As a conclusion, the medieval church was not uniquely corrupt and immoral; it was just adjusting itself to an age of chaos. European History Essays

Write an Essay of Approximately 1000 Words free essay sample

Write an essay of approximately 1000 words, plus appropriate illustrations and references that explores the relationships between lithology, topography, soils and vegetation. Vegetation is the sum of plant life covering the ground in an area. Vegetation is a more generalised term than flora. Lithology, topography and soils all have a relationship and impact on vegetation. Lithology is the macroscopic physical characteristics of a rock, (Thomas and Goudie, 2004). Such as the porosity, grain size and chemical composition. The lithology that lies beneath the soil has an impact on the soil in an area, both the type and amount of coverage. It also has an impact upon the saturation point of the soil and rate at which any water filtrates through the soil and the bedrock. The hardness of the lithology has an impact on the type of soil and the amount of regolith. For example if the rock type is a particularly hard rock type, such as granite and the regolith is removed, as the rock is so resistant, the material cannot be as readily replenished, visa versa for a softer rock type such as a lime stone, which is weathered much more readily. We will write a custom essay sample on Write an Essay of Approximately 1000 Words or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The permeability of the underlying lithology has an impact on the vegetation and the soil. In certain areas, especially across the UK, in areas around Scotland, impermeable rock can result in the water logging of the ground. These moist growing conditions encourage the growth of certain communities of vegetation which are resistant to frequent flooding of the land, such as Salix and Cornos. The lithology beneath the soils has an impact on the main component of the soil itself. The weathered material can have an impact on the Salinity, Alkalinity and Acidity of the soil. The type of weathered material which composes the majority of the soil (not including any biota or mixing agents) has a profound relationship with the composition with the soil. If the soil is particularly saline then only certain types of vegetation can survive the harsh environment. These types of plants are commonly known as halophytic plants, vegetation which grows in these particular conditions are communities such as Salicornia and Spartina. It is a similar case for alkaline soils and acidic soils. Plants such as Baby’s Breath and Yarrow like to grow in alkaline (or chalky) environments, and plants such as Heather, Holly and many woodland plants are more suited to acidic soils. If the soil is high in minerals and nutrients it is perfect fertile ground for many different plant communities. Densely vegetated areas such as woodlands tend to have a large percentage of biota, which again encourages an even further growth of plats, and a wider variety of species. There is also a great relationship between topography and vegetation. As topography changes, it not only changes the altitudinal height and the shape of the land, it usually indicates a change in geology, and/or a change in soil. As height increases the air temperature usually falls, due to the adiabatic lapse rate. This would naturally have a relationship with the type of vegetation which occurs. Vegetation varies with altitude in response to local atmospheric and environmental changes. The higher you climb up a mountain for example, not only does the temperature decrease, but there are other weather changes, such as wind speed gains strength and precipitation levels increase (this is usually as a result of relief rainfall etc). General changes that occur in vegetation with height increase a reduction in plant size, lesser species of plants / plant communities, and also a slower rate of growth occurs over all. Vegetation and slopes do have a relationship, however it tend to be the slope being dependent on the vegetation as opposed to the vegetation being dependant on the slope. The density of vegetation coverage on a slope has a major impact on the slopes stability. A dense network of roots; provide a binding surface, keeping the top layer of soil intact. The local lithology, soil type and density, and the topography all have a relationship with vegetation, the species, variety, growth rates and density. There are other more obvious factors which have certain controls on vegetation, such as temperature, rainfall and sun exposure. Overall everything that has been mentioned and more has a relationship with vegetation, either directly or indirectly. Each factor is interlinked in a very sensitive and dynamic system. Word Count 781 References Websites Unknown. (2009). vegetation and soil. Available: http://www. yourclimateyourlife. org. uk/a_soil_types. html. Last accessed 12 Aug 2010. Unknown. (2010). Top Ten Herbaceous Perennials For Chalky / Alkaline Soils. Available: http://www. findmeplants. co. uk/plants-alkaline-soils. aspx. Last accessed 12 Aug 2010. Books David S. G. Thomas and Andrew Goudie (2004). The Dictionary of Physical Geography. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.